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Civil>Crane>Crane
Operation   
Crane Operation : Once
the crane had been checked and environmental factors considered, the crane is
ready for action. The following points must be considered during the operation:
1. The crane should be parked at a distance as close as possible to the load
pick-up and its destination. This will ensure that the shortest possible jib
length is used. There must be at least 600 mm between the crane's rear
counterweight and any obstruction. This is to prevent anyone being trapped
between the counterweight and the obstruction when the crane is slewing.
2. Extend the outriggers to the
fullest and ensure that the wheels are off the ground. Level the crane to make
sure that it is horizontal. Turn the slewing table 3600 as a final check of soil
stability.
3. Plan the exact path that the
load will be taken through. Make a dry run if necessary.
4. Use the load chart of the
crane to determine the various jib angle length combinations to be used. Never
rely on stability to assess capacity i.e. by taking the load to such a point
that instability is felt. This could be the point of no return, and result in
toppling of the crane. The crane's safe working load may vary from
front to side to rear of the crane; with the over side generally lesser than the
front and rear. The operator must be fully aware of this.
5. Ensure that the crane's
hoisting ropes are connected with the right number of part lines (or falls i.e.
the number of lines that suspend the hook block from the boom). Failure to do
this may cause the ropes to fail if the resulting tension in the ropes exceeds
the rope's SWL.
6. When ready, the load may be
picked up using the 3 step operation.
a. First, lift up the load till the slings are taut. Inspect the slings for any
failure or misalignment at this stage.
b. Next lift up the load about 15 cm above the ground. Any load displacement due
to improper rigging or eccentricity will show at this stage. Re-rig the load if
necessary.
c. Finally, lift up the load to the preferred height and then transport it to
its destination.
7. Lower the load also in the 3
step manner by
a. First lowering it to about 15
cm above ground.
b. Then further lower it until it barely touches the ground.
c. Ensure that the load is stable before lowering it down completely.
8. If a signalman is used in the operation, the operator must only obey signals
from him, and no one else. However, a stop or emergency stop signal must be
obeyed if given by anyone.
9. Once the job is done, return the boom to the shortest boom length before
stopping the operation.
Crane operators may perform the following
tasks:
-
Check the
condition of the ground (e.g. building site) before setting up the crane
-
Place timber
blocks or steel plates under the outrigger pads of the crane
-
Check that
the crane is level on the outriggers before attempting to lift and place a
load
-
Be aware of
how much material can be safely hoisted in each load according to the
crane's capacity and the weather conditions (e.g. high winds)
-
Make sure
that cranes are ready for use by checking controls, instruments and gauges
-
Move the
crane and position the hook so that doggers can attach loads, slings,
shackles and chains
-
Check crane
cabin instruments to make sure that loads hooked on their machines are
within safe working limits
-
Observe and
follow the signals given by doggers who direct the moving and positioning of
the loads
-
Mmaintain
cranes by inspecting them for defects or wear, lubricate ropes and winches,
and replace worn cables.
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