Perbicaraan Nur Fazura Sharifudin

Understand the basics of Coriolis flowmeter design. Dual curved-tube and single straight-tube meters offer different advantages.
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A discovery made by Gaspar Gustav de Coriolis (1792-1843) in 1835 made possible the development of the highly accurate dual curved-tube Coriolis flowmeter, and the more compact single straight-tube meter.

It was Napoleon who asked de Coriolis to explain why his cannon balls never went straight. History doesn’t tell us whether he ever gave Napoleon a good explanation – that phenomenon is caused by an entirely different effect – but de Coriolis’ research led to his discovery of the Coriolis effect. A century or so later, Coriolis technology spawned a whole new family of accurate meters.

First, the weather report
Most people are familiar with the Coriolis effect on weather patterns. Because of the jet streams, the clouds tend to move east and west across the planet. However, the rotation of the planet creates the Coriolis effect, which deflects clouds as they move, causing them to spin or rotate. That cloud rotation causes the planet’s storms.

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Applied to instrument design, Coriolis flowmeters can measure mass flow directly, as well as volume and density. In process plants, mass is a vital measurement,”the basis of all chemical reactions, mass and energy balances, and almost all process flow operations.

Before the availability of Coriolis meters, mass was measured by weighing liquids on a scale. This can be appropriate for batch process operations, but not for continuous processes. There, methods such as orifice plates and magnetic flow tubes measured only volumetric flow and required temperature and pressure corrections and calculations using additional instruments to convert readings to mass.

A volumetric flowmeter is affected by changes in the temperature, as well as by pressure, density, viscosity, and the flow profile of the process fluid. By comparison, a Coriolis flowmeter provides a direct mass measurement that is unaffected by changing process fluid characteristics.

Direct mass measurement
In a dual-tube Coriolis meter, a manifold splits the flow through each of the two tubes. The full flow always goes through the sensor. The two vibrating tubes rotate around the two fixed end points, creating a Coriolis effect when mass flows through.

When there’s no flow, fluid on both sides of the U-shaped tube is subject to the same force, so there is no twist (Figure 1). When fluid is flowing, it accelerates (changing direction) on the inlet side and decelerates on the outlet side. As a result, reactive force on the inlet side is opposed to the motion of the tube, and reactive force on the outlet side operates in the same direction as the motion of the tube. The tube is twisted ever so slightly by these opposing forces. The amount of twist is proportional to the mass flow rate.

Figure 1. Coriolis Forces in Action

In a dual-tube Coriolis meter, the two vibrating tubes rotate around the fixed end points. When fluid is flowing, reactive force on the inlet side is opposed to the motion of the tube, twisting it ever so slightly. The amount of twist is proportional to the mass flow rate.

To exploit the Coriolis phenomenon, a magnet is attached to one tube and a pickoff coil is attached to the other tube at both the inlet and the outlet of both tubes (Figure 2). Because of vibration, the coil moves into the magnetic field and generates a sine wave proportional to that motion. Because the coils and magnets are referenced to each other (one element moves with each tube), the sine wave represents the relative velocity and position of the tubes. When the waves cross zero, the tubes are momentarily at rest before changing direction.

Under no-flow conditions, the two sine waves are in phase, or on top of each other. Under flow conditions as the tubes twist, these sine waves shift apart. The instrument measures the twisting, which is directly proportional to the mass flow.

Figure 2. Phase Change Finds Flow

To exploit the Coriolis phenomenon, a magnet is attached to one tube and a pickoff coil is attached to the other tube at the inlet and the outlet. Under flow conditions as the tubes twist, the generated sine waves shift apart. The instrument measures the twisting, which is directly proportional to the mass flow.

Get it straight
The same analogy applies to a single straight-tube meter. The tube is vibrated along the center of the axis. Because the tube is fixed at the ends, the vibration creates two rotating reference frames. The rotation of the inlet side is in the opposite direction of the outlet side, creating the opposing Coriolis forces.

At the inlet side, the tube is rotating in one direction, say upward, but the fluid is restrained by the wall and the substrate and now it is vibrating up, creating a force downward. When the fluid passes the centerline lengthwise and is rotating in the opposite direction, the tube wall restricts the rotation, which creates a force in the opposite direction.

Figure 3 shows an exaggeration of the deflected shape. Here again, there are two forces proportional to the mass flow rate. The Coriolis effect is generated, as it is in the double curved tube, through the rotation of the tube about fixed ends. The two sine waves on the inlet and the outlet are shown as Point A and Point B in Figure 3. The inlet side lags the outlet side, which is identical for either straight or curved tubes

FAZURA (kanan) bersama Shahrizan selepas perbicaraan di Mahkamah Majistret Jalan Duta semalam.

KUALA LUMPUR – Rakan kepada pelakon jelita, Fazura memberitahu bahawa suri rumah yang terlibat dalam pergaduhan dengan artis berkenaan di sebuah bar empat tahun lalu kelihatan mabuk dan tidak seperti biasa.

Menurut Shahrizan Mohd. Rodzi, 35, wanita tersebut, Geraldine Mariana Wong, 33, dilihat meminum minuman keras sambil bermesra dengan teman lelaki Fazura, Ahmad Razman Tan Sri Ahmad Razali dan bergelak ketawa dengan rakan-rakannya.

“Selain itu, saya juga diberitahu oleh beberapa kawan yang berada di bar tersebut bahawa Geraldine telah pun mabuk sebelum itu,” kata saksi yang lebih dikenali sebagai Shereen Shah di Mahkamah Majistret di sini semalam.

Shahrizan memberi keterangan sebagai saksi pembelaan kedua bagi perbicaraan kes saman terhadap Fazura atau nama sebenarnya, Nur Fazura Shamsudin, 24, yang didakwa memukul Geraldine Mariana Wong di Bar Luna Pacific Regency Hotel & Apartments, Jalan Kia Peng di sini pukul 1.20 pagi, 19 Disember 2004.

Jelas saksi yang kerap ditegur kerana bercakap terlalu laju itu, sebaik melihat Geraldine bermesra dengan Ahmad Razman, Fazura pergi bersemuka dengan Geraldine walaupun telah ditegah olehnya sebelum itu.

“Tujuan Fazura adalah untuk mengetahui mengapa Geraldine mengutuk dan memperlekehkan dia kepada rakan lain.

“Namun tidak lama kemudian berlaku pergaduhan dan mereka berdua saling tolak-menolak serta menarik rambut masing-masing,” beritahunya.

Kata Shahrizan, dia tidak melihat dengan jelas apa yang berlaku kerana perlu menjelaskan pertanyaan orang ramai yang berkerumun di situ, tetapi mengaku dia ternampak sebelah satu kasut Fazura tercabut dan rakan Geraldine membuangnya ke dalam kolam.

Selepas beberapa ketika, tambahnya, Fazura pergi ke arah pintu keluar sambil memegang sebelah kasut namun Geraldine datang dari arah belakang dan menarik rambut Fazura.

Tindakan wanita itu menyebabkan Fazura terus menghayun kasut yang dipegangnya ke arah belakang wanita itu beberapa kali bagi mempertahankan diri.

Perunding teknologi maklumat (IT) itu mengaku mereka tidak membuat laporan polis selepas kejadian dan terus pulang ke rumah kerana selain kepenatan, pakaian heroin filem ‘Kayangan’ itu juga terkoyak di bahagian depan serta hanya berkaki ayam.

“Tapi sehari atau dua hari kemudian, Fazura ada dipanggil untuk beri keterangan di Balai Polis Dang Wangi kerana laporan polis telah dibuat Geraldine,” katanya.

Perbicaraan bersambung 22 Mei depan.

Ikuti berita selanjutnya di KOSMO! hari ini.

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Perbicaraan Kes Fazura Ditangguh
April 25th, 2008 by admin | No Comments | Filed in Nur Fazura

KUALA LUMPUR: Mahkamah Majistret di sini, semalam, menangguhkan kes pelakon Gol dan Gincu, Nur Fazura Sharifuddin, yang menghadapi tuduhan mencederakan suri rumah di sebuah kelab malam, sehingga hari ini.

Penangguhan berkenaan dilakukan berikutan Majistret Aizatul Akmal Maharani yang mengendalikan kes itu terpaksa mengambil cuti sakit.

Fazura, 23, didakwa mencederakan Geraldine Mariana Wong di Bar Luna, Pacific Regency Hotel and Apartments, Jalan Kia Peng di sini, kira-kira jam 1.20 pagi pada 19 Disember 2004.

Pemenang Anugerah Pelakon Harapan Festival Filem Malaysia ke-17 pada Jun 2004 itu didakwa mengikut Seksyen 323 Kanun Keseksaan yang membawa hukuman maksimum penjara setahun dan denda RM2,000 jika sabit kesalahan.

Tertuduh diwakili peguam bela, Fakhrul Azman Abu Hassan, manakala pendakwaan dilakukan Cif Inspektor R Rukumar.

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Majistret Cuti Sakit Bicara Kes Fazura Ditangguh
April 25th, 2008 by admin | No Comments | Filed in Nur Fazura

KUALA LUMPUR 24 April – Perbicaraan kes pelakon, Fazura yang sedang membela diri atas tuduhan mencederakan seorang suri rumah di Mahkamah Majistret di sini hari ini ditangguh esok kerana Majistret Aizatul Akmal Maharani bercuti sakit.

Dalam prosiding esok, saksi kedua pembela, Shahrizan Mohd. Rodzi yang sebelum ini tidak dapat hadir ke mahkamah dijangka memberi keterangan.

Peguam yang mewakili Fazura, Fakhrul Azman Abu Hassan tidak kelihatan begitu juga pelakon itu kerana difahamkan mereka telah dimaklumkan lebih awal.

Pada 27 Mac lalu, perbicaraan terpaksa ditangguhkan berikutan Shahrizan tidak dapat hadir kerana terpaksa ke Melaka atas urusan penting.

Sementara dua lagi saksi juga tidak hadir untuk menggantikan Shahrizan kerana mereka telah dimaklumkan hanya akan memberi keterangan selepas selesai saksi kedua itu.

Dalam kes ini, Fazura atau Nur Fazura Sharifudin, 24, didakwa mencederakan Geraldine Mariana Wong, 33, di Bar Luna Pacific Regency Hotel & Apartments, Jalan Kia Peng di sini kira-kira pukul 1.20 pagi, 19 Disember 2004.

Pelakon filem dan drama bersiri Gol & Gincu itu dituduh mengikut Seksyen 323 Kanun Keseksaan yang memperuntuk hukuman penjara sehingga setahun atau denda RM2,000 atau kedua-duanya jika disabitkan kesalahan.

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